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How to play Sudoku

The rules take one paragraph. Getting fast takes a dozen habits, and each one is on this page with a board you can step through.

The rules

A Sudoku is a 9x9 grid divided into nine 3x3 boxes. Some cells come filled in; these are the givens. Your job is to fill the rest so that every row, every column and every box contains each digit from 1 to 9 exactly once. That is all. No adding, no arithmetic of any kind. The digits could be nine letters or nine colours and the puzzle would play identically.

A properly made puzzle has exactly one solution, and you can reach it by reasoning alone. Every board on this site is checked for that before it is shown to you. So when you are stuck, the next move exists somewhere on the board; the techniques below are ways of finding it faster.

How a game works here

  • Tap a cell, then tap a digit. Tap the same digit again to clear it.
  • Notes lets you pencil small candidate digits into a cell. When you place a digit, it is removed from the notes of every cell in the same row, column and box.
  • Relaxed mode highlights mistakes and lets you carry on. Challenge mode ends the game at three.
  • Three hints per puzzle. A hint places one correct digit and costs a little score.

New to the game entirely? The beginner's guide walks through a first puzzle from the opening move to the last cell.

Beginner techniques

Enough to finish every Easy puzzle. Learn these two ways of looking at the board and the habit that makes both faster.

Intermediate techniques

What Hard puzzles (28 to 32 givens) are built around. Each one removes candidates rather than placing digits.

Advanced techniques

Patterns across several rows and columns. Expert boards (23 to 27 givens) need at least one of these.

In what order should you learn them?

Start with scanning. It is less a technique than a way of moving your eyes, and it turns up most of the placements on an Easy board without any pencil marks. When scanning stalls, naked singles and hidden singles are the two questions to ask: "what can go in this cell?" and "where can this digit go?"

Hard puzzles are where pencil marks stop being optional. Once candidates are written down, naked pairs and pointing pairs account for most of the breakthroughs, with box-line reduction, hidden pairs and naked triples covering the rest.

Expert boards need at least one pattern that spans several rows and columns. X-Wing is the one to learn first because Swordfish is the same idea with three lines instead of two. XY-Wing works differently and is worth learning on its own once the fish feel comfortable.

If you prefer reading everything in one place, the solving techniques guide on the blog covers the same ground as a single long article.

Frequently asked questions

Fill the 9x9 grid so that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains the digits 1 to 9 once each. The given digits cannot be changed. That is the whole rule set; there is no arithmetic.

Not within a row, a column or a 3x3 box. The same digit appears nine times on a finished board, once in each row, column and box.

No. The digits are just nine different symbols; letters or colours would work the same way. Sudoku is a logic puzzle about placement, not calculation.

Not on a properly made puzzle. Every board on this site has exactly one solution reachable by deduction. If you feel stuck, the next placement exists; the techniques on this page are how you find it.

Beginners often take 15 to 30 minutes on an easy puzzle. Regular players finish easy boards in 3 to 6 minutes and hard boards in 10 to 20. Expert puzzles can take an hour even for strong solvers.

Scanning, then hidden singles and naked singles. Those three finish every Easy puzzle. Add naked pairs and pointing pairs when you move to Hard.

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